Improving Gynecologic Cancer Awareness through Health Literacy: Spotlighting FWC Award Winner Elizabeth Thayer, MD

Healthy People 2030 defines health literacy as the degree to which individuals can find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others. Health Literacy Month is acknowledged annually in October and is an opportunity to emphasize the importance of making health information easy. Elizabeth Thayer, MD, of Emory University, is a recent recipient of the Foundation for Women’s Cancer (FWC) National Ovarian Cancer Coalition Research Award. Her research on ovarian cancer is deeply tied to patient care and the ongoing challenges of improving health literacy, particularly in gynecologic cancers.

One of the most pressing issues Dr. Thayer encounters isn’t necessarily misinformation about gynecologic cancers but a startling lack of awareness that these cancers even exist. "Many patients just don’t know about gynecologic cancers," Dr. Thayer explains. This lack of basic awareness makes it more difficult for patients to understand their diagnoses or why certain procedures are necessary.

Misconceptions surrounding preventive measures, such as the HPV vaccine, add another layer of complexity. The vaccine is often associated with sexual activity rather than its life-saving potential to prevent cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. “We frequently encounter misconceptions about pap smears and pap testing results,” Dr. Thayer shares. “Many patients are unaware of the differences between a routine pelvic exam, STI testing, and cervical cancer screening.” Misunderstanding of past testing and procedures often leads to confusion about future management for existing medical conditions.

Health literacy significantly impacts a patient's understanding of their own anatomy, cancer progression, and treatment options. Dr. Thayer points out that many patients don’t fully understand where their cancer is located, which often leads to confusion about treatment recommendations. For example, patients may not realize that vaginal bleeding could be linked to uterine cancer, and as a result, they might not grasp the potential necessity of procedures like hysterectomies where the uterus is completely removed.

This lack of understanding also affects treatment acceptance. "We often encounter patients who defer recommended treatment until their cancer has progressed significantly, still expecting the same outcomes they were counseled about at an earlier stage," says Dr. Thayer. Early detection and timely treatment are key, but when patients don't fully comprehend their condition, they are less likely to act on medical advice.

Gynecologic cancer care is inherently complex, requiring patients to navigate a labyrinth of tests, treatments, and healthcare appointments. Those with low health literacy face additional barriers in accessing and managing this care. “A lack of knowledge about basic symptoms, such as post-menopausal bleeding, often delays diagnosis, and the process of coordinating care can become overwhelming, especially for those who may not fully understand the purpose of each step.

Cultural and language differences compound the challenge of health literacy, particularly when it comes to discussing sensitive topics like reproductive health. “Cultural taboos regarding sex, reproduction, and menstruation can make diagnosis and treatment more difficult, as well as limit engagement in preventive care,” notes Dr. Thayer. The availability and quality of translation services can vary, and when patients aren’t provided with resources in their native languages, their understanding of cancer care suffers.

Dr. Thayer emphasizes the importance of clear, simple communication. “Using models, drawings, and written materials that patients can take home can help reinforce the information they receive during appointments,” she advises.  The teach-back method, which involves asking patients to repeat what they’ve learned to ensure comprehension, can also be especially valuable.

Technology can also play a vital role in improving health literacy. Online portals allow patients to access their medical records and educational materials in multiple formats, and social media can raise awareness of gynecologic cancers in ways that traditional outreach might miss. Dr. Thayer believes interactive modules and simulations could enhance patient education by making complex information more accessible.

For patients navigating the complexities of gynecologic cancer care, Dr. Thayer advises bringing a trusted family member or friend to appointments. Having multiple sets of ears helps ensure critical information is retained. She also encourages patients to ask as many questions as possible and to seek information from reputable sources. Enhancing health literacy is ultimately critical in improving both the quality of life and outcomes for those facing gynecologic cancers.